英语翻译Abstract It is well known that help prompts shape howusers talk to spoken dialogue systems.This study investigatedthe effect of help prompt placement on older users’interaction with a smart home interface.In the dynamichelp condition,he

英语翻译Abstract It is well known that help prompts shape howusers talk to spoken dialogue systems.This study investigatedthe effect of help prompt placement on older users’interaction with a smart home interface.In the dynamichelp condition,he
英语翻译
Abstract It is well known that help prompts shape how
users talk to spoken dialogue systems.This study investigated
the effect of help prompt placement on older users’
interaction with a smart home interface.In the dynamic
help condition,help was only given in response to system
errors; in the inherent help condition,it was also given at
the start of each task.Fifteen older and sixteen younger
users interacted with a smart home system using two different
scenarios.Each scenario consisted of several tasks.
The linguistic style users employed to communicate with
the system (interaction style) was measured using the ratio
of commands to the overall utterance length (keyword
ratio) and the percentage of content words in the user’s
utterance that could be understood by the system (shared
vocabulary).While the timing of help prompts did not
affect the interaction style of younger users,it was early
task-specific help supported older users in adapting their
interaction style to the system’s capabilities.Well-placed
help prompts can significantly increase the usability of
spoken dialogue systems for older people.
Keywords：Spoken dialogue systems ,Usability ,
Older adults ,Smart homes ,Help prompts
1 Introduction
Although spoken dialogue interfaces should be as intuitive
to use as possible,most users,and in particular novices,
still need explicit help with navigating the interaction.The
question remains when this help should be given.Do users
benefit from inherent help prompts,where guidance on
interacting with the system is given at the start of each
relevant interaction,or is it sufficient to provide help
prompts dynamically,i.e.,only when problems arise?In
voice interfaces,spoken help prompts fulfil two main
functions:
• Clarification of the Task Model:Help prompts can
explain the system’s model of the task,list the objects
that the system recognises,and describe what can be
done with them.
• Clarification of the Interaction Style:Help prompts
model how users need to speak so that the system can
understand them,and indicate which vocabulary should
be used and which syntactic structure the commands
should have.
机翻的就算了，至少要通顺。

英语翻译Abstract It is well known that help prompts shape howusers talk to spoken dialogue systems.This study investigatedthe effect of help prompt placement on older users’interaction with a smart home interface.In the dynamichelp condition,he
摘要
众所周知,帮助提示（help prompts）体现用户与口语对话系统的交流方式.这项研究调查了帮助提示在老年人用户与智能家居交流互动过程中的作用.在动态帮助状态下,帮助仅会对系统错误做出反应；在交互帮助状态下,在每一个任务开始他也会提供帮助,十五名老年人用户和十六名年轻人用户在两个不同场景下与智能家居系统进行互动.每一个场景都包含数个任务.用户与系统的交流所使用的言语模式（交互模式）通过指令语所占整句长度的比例（关键词比例）以及用户语言中能被系统识别的字词百分比（共享词汇）进行测量.尽管帮助提示的产生时机并未对年轻人用户的交互模式产生影响,任务开始时产生的帮助提示有效地帮助老年人用户调整其与系统的交互模式使得系统更好地发挥出其性能.适当时机出现的帮助提示可以大大提高言语对话系统对于老年人的可用性.
关键词：口语系统,可用性、老年人、智能家居、帮助提示
1 介绍
虽然口语对话系统是一个相对直观的系统,大多数用户,尤其是初学者,依然需要明确的帮助进行导航互动.何时提供帮助则是一个重要问题.用户是在每一个相关交流的一开始就给予帮助的交互帮助状态下能够获得更多的帮助还是在动态帮助模式下,即仅当问题出现时提供帮助,这种模式中就能获得足够的帮助?在语音界面,语音帮助提示有两个主要功能：
· 解释任务模式：帮助提示可以解释系统任务的模式,罗列出系统能够识别出的对象以及对其可作出的相关动作
·解释交互模式：帮助提示可以向用户演示如何对话使得系统能够理解他们,并且说明运用哪些词汇以及命令语的句法结构.

据众所周知,如何帮助促使
用户和口语对话系统。本研究调查了
帮助提示的影响放置在老用户
一个智能家居交互界面。在动态的
帮助条件,才能得到帮助来响应系统
错误;内在帮助条件下,它也被赋予了
每一项开始任务。十五大和十六个带卯的年轻
和异性交往了用户使用两种不同的智能家居系统
的情况。每个场景包含了几个任务。
用户使用的语言风格...

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据众所周知,如何帮助促使
用户和口语对话系统。本研究调查了
帮助提示的影响放置在老用户
一个智能家居交互界面。在动态的
帮助条件,才能得到帮助来响应系统
错误;内在帮助条件下,它也被赋予了
每一项开始任务。十五大和十六个带卯的年轻
和异性交往了用户使用两种不同的智能家居系统
的情况。每个场景包含了几个任务。
用户使用的语言风格与~沟通
互动系统(风格)的测定采用比例
整个话语指令的长度(关键字
比)及言语的百分比在用户的内容
那也是可以理解的话语系统(共享
词汇)。虽然时间帮助提示没有
影响年轻使用者互动的风格,它是早
帮助支持老用户任务加以
互动风格系统的能力。达
帮助提示的可用性,可显著提高
口语对话系统专为老年人而设的。
关键词:口语对话系统,可用性,
老年人,聪明的家园,帮助提示
1介绍
虽然口语对话应该尽可能的直观的界面
尽可能的使用,大多数用户,特别是初学者,
还需要明确的帮助导航互动。这
问题是,当这帮助应该给予的。做用户
受益于内在帮助提示,那里的指导
最后给出了系统互动在开始一
相关的互动,还是足以提供的帮助
提示,也就是说,只有当动态问题产生的呢?在
说话声音接口,实现两个主要帮助提示
功能:
•澄清其任务模型:帮助提示即可
解释系统的模型,列出了该任务的物体
系统的认识和描述
同他们所行的一切事。
•澄清交互作用的风格:帮助提示
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